As I think about the design, delivery and evaluation of education at all levels, I find that there are four principles that are crucial for an education to meet the needs of students. As you work in classrooms, in schools, in school systems or at the national level, ask yourself these questions --

1. Equitable
Is what I am doing designed to eliminate ‘deficit thinking’ that blames the learner or their environment for their lack of performance? If so, replace this perspective with one that identifies what actually can be done to support their learning.

2. Research or Theoretically-based
Is what I am designing, delivering or evaluating based upon either sound research or sound theory? This applies to methodology, syllabi, systems, and leadership approaches.

3. Relationship-based
Is what I am doing, or recommending, based on establishing and maintaining positive relationships? Is it culturally relevant? Does the work address social and emotional needs of the recipients? Does my approach provide learners with the ability to control the pace and direction of their own learning? Is critical and creative thinking encouraged?

4. Proven and Practical
Although this is not always practical since it is important to be creative and ‘invent’ new approaches based on sound theory, it may be helpful to ask yourself these questions: Is what I am doing practical for teachers, parents, or for systems given their context, background and diversity? This is particularly critical with vulnerable populations in crisis situations.